History is written in archives, but archival work itself is also subject to change over time. Using the Prussian State Archives in Schleswig-Holstein as an example, this process is examined over the period of its existence from 1870 to 1947. The focus is on the changes in the core tasks, i.e. how the process of evaluating documents changed, what challenges the storage of archival records offered and how much the use of the archive fluctuated. The question of the extent to which individual influences played a role is also emphasized. The other Prussian state archives are used as a comparison. In addition, due to the close historical connection, the relations with Denmark are illuminated.
Archives are places of history. They preserve testimonies of the past and make them accessible to the public, and also keep documents that bear witness to their own past.The influence of politics and ideology on archival activity was strongly developed during the period of National Socialism in Germany. Thus, the State Archives of Hamburg took a special position in the issue of the so-called "proofs of the Aryan" ("Ariernachweise") on account of its sources.The present work examines the past as well as the role of the state archives as well as the scientific archivists - Heinrich Reincke, Hans Kellinghusen, Erich von Lehe, and Kurt Detlev Möller - during the period of National Socialism by examination of the records, and considers the results on basis of current research.
Abstract Disney's animated villains have recently changed to show less conventionally villainous traits: They look and express themselves more like sympathetic characters, and they are usually only outed as villains late in the plot. This shift has prompted much academic commentary on the psychological and cultural significance of Disney's new villains. We add to the existing literature on Disney's new villains in two ways. First, we analyze shifts in the vocalizations of villains between the 1990s and 2010s. Second, we integrate this analysis in a biocultural account of Disney's shifting overall representations of villains. We argue that while Disney has long employed evolutionarily explicable cues to villainy, such as a foreign accent and an unappealing exterior, the company is now reacting to challenges to norms of social representation that proscribe the linking of such overt traits with immorality. Consequently, recent Disney films do not employ socially stigmatizing cues. However, Disney continues to employ nonstigmatizing cues, such as evil laughter and abiding anger, because these cues foster antipathy in audiences at no sociomoral risk.
Der vorliegende Band thematisiert Rolle und Selbstwahrnehmung der Archivare zwischen dem späten Kaiserreich und dem Ende der Weimarer Republik, einer Zeit rasanter Veränderungen in politischer, historiografischer und wissensgeschichtlicher Hinsicht. Mit dieser chronologischen Perspektivierung trägt der Band einerseits der politischen und institutionellen Tatsache Rechnung, dass der politische und staatsrecht-liche Umbruch am Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges die organisatorischen und institutionel-len Grundlagen des Archivwesens massiv beeinflusste. Andererseits möchte der Band dezidiert eine Verengung allein auf den politisch-staatlichen Systemwechsel vermeiden, denn keineswegs alle prägenden Entwicklungen des deutschen Archivwesens dieser Zeit lassen sich auf diese Ebene zurückführen.
Archives are places of history. They preserve testimonies of the past and make them accessible to the public, and also keep documents that bear witness to their own past.The influence of politics and ideology on archival activity was strongly developed during the period of National Socialism in Germany. Thus, the State Archives of Hamburg took a special position in the issue of the so-called "proofs of the Aryan" ("Ariernachweise") on account of its sources.The present work examines the past as well as the role of the state archives as well as the scientific archivists - Heinrich Reincke, Hans Kellinghusen, Erich von Lehe, and Kurt Detlev Möller - during the period of National Socialism by examination of the records, and considers the results on basis of current research.
Recent discussion in the adolescent treatment community has centered on the therapeutic merits of continuum of care treatment for adolescent and young adult substance abusing populations. However, despite this discussion, few studies to date have actually looked at how adolescents and young adults view continuum of care treatment in practice. In this paper a continuum of care offered within a single treatment approach will be addressed from the perspectives of youths participating in treatment at a three year step-down therapeutic community program with four distinct levels of care: residential treatment, intensive day treatment, day treatment with work/school release, and ambulatory meetings. Adolescents and young adults attending this program must complete all four levels of care before they are eligible for program graduation. Data from 53 qualitative semistructured and open-ended interviews (conducted with 45 adolescents and young adults) indicate that treatment experiences were marked by significant program transition points, during which clients stepped down from one level of care to another. Adolescents and young adults reported experiencing distress at and during these transition points. However, they also indicated that overall emotional and psychological stress was minimized due to the following: (1) these transitions were experienced within a single program structure, (2) youths transitioned through a continuum of care with program peers and friends, and (3) the program staff was perceived by adolescents and young adults to be compassionate and encouraging.
